Introduction: My goal in this work is to first define Psychology. Psychologies definition has changed over time and not all schools of thought agreed on or still agree on the correct definition of Psychology, but biblically there is an exact definition. My goal is to start with Psychology according to the Scriptures then in the times of the Roman Empire. Though the name Psychology is not used in ancient times the concepts are strikingly similar. Psychology is basically science plus philosophy. Ancient Greeks alike with the German Psychologists in the 19th and 20th century made profound mathematical or scientific discoveries while others theorized how man’s soul functioned. Sometimes science is put along side of philosophy and wrapped together in one box. Ancient Greeks and modern Psychologists do the same exact thing adding science to philosophy. The problem that Psychologists make among many other mistakes, is that they wrap in the same box science and philosophy together and try to present the whole thing as a science. If a Christian rejects the philosophy then we are told that we are rejecting science, but the philosophy part of psychology, no matter how much science is wrapped with it will never become science. And the science never proves the philosophy that is with it. Psychologist also use techniques, what they call science today, what scripturally is actually witchcraft and then they teach these so called scientific techniques to people, like hypnosis! We will see that they are able to call these techniques science only because they have changed the definition of Psychology, but psychology is not a science. We will also see what the Scriptures say about man. What the early church Father’s position was toward the ideas of their day and time, and therefore how we should view Psychology in our day and time. I trust the Lord will help me so that I can write clearly. And finally scripture admonishes us with this word: “O Timothy. . . Avoid . . . Oppositions of science falsely so called.” Paul warns Timothy that people would oppose him with a falsely claimed teaching which they call “science”, but is not science. In our 21st century world this verse could read as a application in the following way: “Austin avoid these people that oppose you, falsely calling this teaching of Psychology as a science.” Lord willing I will do so.
Scriptures View of Man:
‘God said, let us make man in our image, after our likeness . . . So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them.” In all three appearances of the word God, which is translated in Hebrew, Elohim, God is plural. So God (plural) said, let us (the trinity) make man in our image. Image and likeness denotes that we are like God in our attributes and person. God can think, show emotions, and love. So we too can do these things and therefore are like God. While God said “let us make man in our image”, God then makes man in his image and not our image. His refers to one person of the Trinity and not all three. For Paul says of us, “He also did predestinate to be conformed to the image of his Son”. The Son is the image bearer of the Trinity, but the Son is not the Father or the Holy Ghost. So we are shown by Moses in Genesis that we are in the image of the Son specifically. Since the Son is God then this fulfills the plurality of “Our image”. Man is created in God’s image and man is divided into male and female. Therefore mankind is God’s image as male and female. In Genesis 2:7 it is written: “And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living Soul.” Man’s body is made of clay. This breath of life is better translated in it’s plural original as ‘breath of lives’. The inbreathing of God produced a two-fold life: soulical, and spiritual. When God breathed into man’s nostrils the breath of life, man became a living Soul. Man’s spirit is the principle of life within him. As the spirit touched man’s dead body, the organ animated was called the soul, hence man became a living soul.
The soul is different then the spirit. We can understand the differences of these three: body, soul, and spirit by their functions. The body is our sense conscience (5 senses), our soul is our self-conscience, and our spirit is our God conscience. Tertullian calls the ‘flesh’ which is our physical being- “The body of the soul”, and the soul “the vessel of the spirit”. If we had a jar sealed full of water then we could liken the outside air around the jar as our body, the jar our soul, and the water our spirit so that the water does not directly touch the outside, nor does our spirit directly touch our body. The soul stands between the spirit and body. Irenaeus says, “The soul, body, and spirit are three separate parts of man.” And later Irenaeus describes that we (our soul) either gives into the flesh or we obey the spirit. Jessie penn-Lewis points out in the book Soul and Spirit “As to the distinction between soul and spirit, Gall points out that not only in the English language is the distinction made, but in every classic language from Hebrew downward.” Justin Martyr says in the Fragments on the resurrection: “For the body is the house of the soul; and the soul the house of the spirit. These three, in all those who cherish a sincere hope and unquestioning faith in God, will be saved.” In Justin’s dialogue the old man in chapter 6 says this: “but as a man does not live always, and the soul is not for ever conjoined with the body, since, whenever this harmony must be broken up, the soul leaves the body, and the man exists no longer; even so, whenever the soul must cease to exist, the spirit of life is removed from it, and there is no more soul, but it goes back to the place from whence it was taken.”
Our soul therefore is the meeting point of our spirit and body, For Genesis says when God gave a dead body his breath, man became a living soul, therefore the soul exists by the spirit touching the body. yet our soul is in nature different then our spirit. Watchman Nee states this example for Explanation: “This trinity of spirit, soul, and body may be partially illustrated by a light bulb. Within the bulb, which can represent the total man, there are electricity, light and wire. The spirit is like the electricity, the soul the light, and the body the wire. Electricity is the cause of the light while the light is the effect of the electricity. Wire is the material substance for carrying the electricity as well as for manifesting the light. The combination of spirit and body produces soul, that which is unique to man. As electricity, carried by the wire, is expressed in light, so spirit acts upon soul and the soul, in turn, expressed itself through the body.”
The spirit and flesh cannot have direct communication but is carried out through the medium of the soul. The soul is the seat of our personality: mind, emotions, and will. Therefore in our soul we are choosing to walk by the Spirit or our flesh. Our soul is the gateway which opens up to the flesh or spirit or chooses its own way. If I walk by God’s Spirit then I’m allowing the outer man (soul and body) to be spirit filled, but if I’m walking after the flesh then my life will display the sins of the flesh as Paul lists out: “Adultery, fornification, uncleanness, lasciviousness, idolatry, witchcraft, hatred, variance, emulations, wrath, strife, seditions, heresies, envyings, murders, drunkenness, revellings, and similar like things.” But if my soul is choosing the things of the spirit then I will display this fruit: “love, joy, peace, long-suffering, gentleness, goodness, faith, meekness, and temperance.” I also could be walking my own way as my soul pleases which is not spirit-filled. Therefore the personality of a Christian is either characterized by their flesh or spirit, but these characteristics are known through the soul, for my free will is like a gate either opening up and allowing the spirit to fill the soul, or opening up to the flesh and allowing the flesh to fill the soul. Will the soul manifest the spirit or the flesh?
Proof verses:
- Man is triune in nature. 1 Thessalonians 5:23 “and the very God of peace Sanctify you wholly; and I pray God your whole spirit and soul and body be preserved blameless.” Wholly sanctified consists of spirit and soul and body. Therefore these three consist of the whole man.
- Soul and spirit our different. Hebrews 4:12 “For the word of God is quick, and powerful, and sharper then any two-edged sword, piercing even to the asunder of soul and spirit, and of joints and marrow, and is a discerner of the thoughts and intentions of the heart.” God’s word is able to give us discernment of the difference of what is soulical and spiritual. Just like a high priest divides the corporal part of the animal dividing the joints and marrow, so our high priest Jesus uses the word dividing our non-corporal spirit and soul, therefore since spirit and soul can be divided then it follows they are different in nature.
- God’s Holy Spirit and our human spirit our different. Romans 8:16 “The Spirit itself beareth witness with our spirit.” And 1 Corinthians 2:11 “For what man knoweth the things of a man, save the spirit of man which is in him? Even so the things of God knoweth no man, but the Spirit of God.” This shows that there is the spirit of man and Spirit of God. And in Zechariah 12:1 “The LORD . . . Formeth the spirit of man within him”. The Holy Spirit is uncreated, while man’s spirit was formed.
The Soul: its faculties are mainly mind, emotion, and will (volition). I should mention here I use soulical as an adjective pertaining to the soul, as spiritual is the adjective of the spirit. In English we lack an adjective for soul, therefore Pember, Stockmayer, Jessie penn-Lewis, and Watchman Nee all use soulish or soulical when pertaining to the soul, which seems to fill the need of the missing adjective. These following proofs I have taken from the “Spiritual Man”.
Mind, Intellect:
- “Whereunto they lift up their soul, their sons and their daughters.” Ezekiel 24:25 Darby
- “That a soul be without knowledge is not good.” Proverbs 19:2 Darby
- “How long must I bear pain (Syriac:Hebrew: hold counsels) in my soul?” Ps 13:2
- “Marvelous are thy works; and that my soul knoweth right well” ps 139:14 Darby
- “My soul continually thinks of it” Lam 3:20.
- “Knowledge will be pleasant to your soul” prob 2:10
- “Keep sound wisdom and discretion . . . And they will be life for your soul” prov 3:21,22
- “Know that wisdom is such to your soul” proverbs 24:14
These words in bold: wisdom, knowledge,, counsel, lift up, ect. are activities of man’s mind or intellect, and the scriptures indicate that these emanate from man’s soul.
Will, Volition:
- “Give me not up to the will (original “soul”) of my adversaries” ps 27:12
- “Thou dost not give him up to the will (original “soul”) of his enemies.” Ps 41:2
- “Delivered you to the greed (original “soul”).” Ezekiel 16:27
- You will let her go where she will (original “soul”). Deut 21:14
- “Aha, we have our hearts desire (original “soul”)”. Ps 35:25
- “Or swear an oath to bind himself (original “soul”) by a pledge.” Num 30:2
- “Now set your mind and heart (original “soul”) to seek the Lord your God” 1 Chronicles 22:19
- “They desire and lift up their soul to return to dwell there”. Jeremiah 44:14 amplified
- “These afflictions my soul refuses to touch”. Job 6:7 amplified
- My soul chooseth strangling, death, rather than my bones”. Job 7:15 Darby
These verses show man has a choice and can exercise his free will, which have their springs in the soul.
Emotion: Emotion of Affection, Emotion of Desire, and Emotions of feeling and Sensing: Though to the casual reader these may seem similar, a careful study shows Watchman Nee learned from God how to “rightly divide the word of truth.” For he says in How to Study the Bible: “Second, no one can be careless in reading the Bible. The Bible is a very accurate book. Not a single
word of it can be misread or replaced. If a person is somewhat careless, he will miss God’s word. A subjective man will miss God’s word, and a careless man will also miss God’s word. We have to be careful. The more we know God’s word, the more careful we will be. A sloppy person has a sloppy
reading of the Bible. As soon as we hear a brother speak on the Bible, we know whether he is a sloppy person or a careful person. In reading or memorizing a verse, many people make careless mistakes with
crucial words. This is a terrible habit. It is easy for us to become inaccurate in our habit. This leads to an inaccurate understanding of the Bible. In many instances a little carelessness on our part will lead to a misunderstanding of God’s word.” Therefore this quote explains why Nee is so careful in breaking down this section in tediously accurate detail.
Emotions of Affection
- “The soul of Jonathan was knit to the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as his own soul”. 1 Sam 18:1
- “You whom my soul loves” Song 1:7
- “My soul magnifies the Lord”. Luke 1:46
- “His life abhorreth bread, and his soul dainty food.” Job 33:20 Darby (negative example of affection).
- “Who are hated by David’s soul” 2 Sam 5:8
- “My soul was vexed with them” Zech 11:8 Darby
- “You shall love the Lord your God . . . With all your soul” Deut 6:5
- My soul is weary of my life” Job 10:1 Darby
- Their soul abhorreth all manner of food” ps 107:18 Darby
Emotions of Desire
- “For whatever the soul desireth . . . Or for whatever thy soul asketh of thee.” Deut 14:26 Darby
- “What thy soul may say”. 1 Sam 20:4 Darby
- “My soul longs, yea, faints for the courts of the Lord.” Ps 84:2
- “Your souls longing” Ezek 24:22 Darby
- “So longs my soul for thee, o God” Ps 42:1
- “My soul yearns for thee in the night” Isa 26:9
- “My soul is well pleased” Matt 12:18
Emotions of feeling and Sensing
- “A sword will pierce through your own soul also” Lk 2:35
- “All the people were bitter in soul” 1 Sam 30:6
- “Her soul is bitter and vexed within her.” 2 Kings 4:27 Amplified
- “His soul was grieved for the misery of Israel” Judges 10:16 Darby
- “How long will ye vex my soul” Job 19:2 Darby
- “My soul shall exult (Joyful) in my God” Isa 61:10
- “Gladden the soul of thy servant” Ps 86:4
- “Their soul fainted within them” Ps 107:5
- “Why are you cast down, O my soul” Ps 42:5
- “Return, oh my soul, to your rest” Ps 116:7
- “My soul is consumed with longing” Ps 119:20
- “Sweetness to my soul” Prov 16:24
- “Let your soul delight itself in fatness” Isa 55:2 Amplified
- “My soul Fainted within me.” Jonah 2:7
Our soul is capable therefore of loving, hating, feeling, and Sensing. And therefore from this sections we discover the souls functions are volition, intellect (mind), and emotion.
The Soul Life: Watchman Nee writes in the spiritual man the following, “Some Bible scholars point out to us that three different words are employed in the Greek to designate “life”: (1) bios (2) Psuche (3) Zoe. They all describe life but convey very different meanings Bios has reference to the means of life or living. Our Lord Jesus used this word when he commended the woman who cast into the temple treasury her whole living. Zoe is the highest life, the life of the spirit. Whenever the Bible speaks of eternal life it uses this word. Psuche refers to the animated life of man, his natural life or the life of the soul. The bible employs this term when it describes the human life. Let us note here that the word “soul” and “soul life” in the Bible are one and the same in the original. In the Old Testament the Hebrew word for “soul”-nephesh-is used equally for “soul life”. The New Testament consequently employs the Greek word “Psuche” for both “soul” and “soul life”. Hence we know “soul” not only is one of the three elements of man but also is man’s life, his natural life. In many places in the bible, “soul” is translated as “life.” In 1 Peter 3:20 scripture says “eight souls were saved by water,” Rendered in modern translations as “eight persons”, this shows us that a soul is equally the same as a person. Because a person’s soul in essence characterizes the person, the very self, this is the reason why soul is considered the person and his own natural life. Here is some following proof that soul is translated as self.
- “you shall not defile yourselves with them” Lev 11:43
- “You shall not defile yourselves” Lev 11:44
- “For themselves and for their descendants” Esther 9:31
- “You who tear yourself in your anger” Job 18:4
- “He justified himself” Job 32:2
- “But themselves go into captivity” Isa 46:2
- “What every one (original “every soul”) must eat, that only may be prepared by you” Ex 12:16
- “Who kills any person (original “kill any soul”) without intent” Num 35:11,15
- “Let me (Original, “let my soul”) die the death if the righteous” Num 23:10
- “When any one (original “any soul”) brings a cereal offering” Lev 2:1
- “I have . . . Quieted myself” Ps 131:2 AV
- “Think not that in the king’s palace you (original “soul”) will escape” Esther 4:13
- “The Lord God has sworn by himself (original, “sworn by his soul”)” Amos 6:8
Also here is a passage that shows man’s life as his natural self, meaning man’s life and soul are inseparable. If a man loses his life he forfeits his soul because his soul is his very life. In Mathew 16:26 “For what will it profit a man, if he gains the whole world and forfeits his life (Psuche)?” And in Luke 9:25 “For what does it profit a man if he gains the whole world and loses or forfeits himself (eautov)?” Both Gospel writers said the same thing but one uses soul and the other life. This shows that man’s life though distinguishable from the soul is inseperable.
Man’s Spirit: is the principle of life in man. The spirit of man is where we touch God and hear his voice and sense him. There are physical sound waves in the external world and we know they exist because we have the organ called the ear that has the ability to detect this sound waves. If God is Spirit then how do we connect to God, for the physical ear can only detect material objects? We have a spirit in the realm of the spirit world where we can hear God’s voice. Man’s spirit has three main functions: conscience, intuition (spiritual sense), and worship. Conscience is the discerning organ which distinguished right and wrong, not by the influence of knowledge stored up in the mind but rather by a spontaneous direct judgment. The mind can reason and justify our conscience’s judgment. Intuition is the sensing function of the human spirit, but it very different from soulical sense. This intuition involves a direct sensing independent of outside influences. That knowledge which comes without any help from the mind, emotion, or volition comes intuitively. Communion is worshiping God. The organs of the soul are incompetent to worship God. We can only really know Gods presence by our spirit and not by our mind, emotion or volition. The spirit is our inner man while our soul is our outward man (2 For 4:16).
The Function of Conscience
- “The Lord your God hardened his spirit” Deut 2:30
- “Saves the crushed in spirit” Ps 34:18
- Put a new and right spirit within me” Ps 51:10
- “When Jesus had this spoken, he was troubled in spirit.” John 13:21
- “His spirit was provoked within him as he saw that the city was full of idols.” Acts 17:16
- “It is the Spirit bearing witness with our spirit that we are children of God” Rom 8:16
- “I am present in spirit, and as if present, I have already pronounced judgment” 1 Cor 5:3
- “I had no rest in my spirit” 2 Cor 5:13 AV
- “For God did not give us the spirit of timidity” 2 Tim 1:7
Functions of intuition in Man’s spirit
- “The spirit indeed is willing” Matt 26:41
- “Jesus perceiving in his spirit” Mk 2:8
- “He sighed deeply in his spirit” Mk 8:12
- “He was deeply moved in spirit” Jh 11:33
- “Paul was pressed in the spirit” Acts 18:5 AV
- ‘Being fervent in spirit” Acts 18:25
- “I am going to Jerusalem, bound in the spirit” Acts 20:22
- “What person knows a man’s thoughts except the spirit of a man which is in him” 1 Cor 2:11
- They refreshed my spirit as well as yours” 1 Cor 16:18
- “His spirit was refreshed by you all 2 Cor 7:13 AV
The Function of Communion in Man’s Spirit
- “My spirit rejoices in God my savior” All 1:47
- “The true worshippers will worship the Father in spirit and truth.” Jh 4:24
- “Whom I serve with my spirit” Rom 1:9
- “We serve . . . In the new life of the spirit” Rom 7:6
- “You have received the spirit of sonship when we cry Abba Father” Rom 8:15
- “He who is united to the Lord becomes one spirit with him” 1 Cor 6:17
- “I will sing with the spirit” 1 Cor 14:15
- “If you bless with the spirit” 1 For 14:16
- “In the spirit he carried me away” Rev 21:10
Summary of Man: Mankind in his innocent state did not know the ceaseless strivings of the flesh. Adam possessed a body which related to the external world, and a spirit which related to the spiritual realm. His soul being the medium of the body and spirit, could interact with both the physical and spiritual realm. Therefore Adam has a perfectly blended mixture of body, soul, and spirit. He did not have a overly active body that was full of fleshly desires, nor did he have a selfish ambitious soul. He would have been led by his spirit and would have known by intuition what was right and wrong and he would be choosing to do right. This is sufficient so that the reader has a basic understanding of biblical Psychology, which is far different then what modern psychologists teach. Mans self Conscience is in his soul, where he can think, feel emotion, and make decisions, but he cannot experience God in his soul but only in his Spirit. All modern psychologists completely fail to make a distinction of soul and spirit. The scriptures tell us what not to do and what to do with our bodies. Sexual immortality is sin, and these are the following sins: adultery (cheating on ones wife or husband), fornification (having sex while unmarried), homosexuality (man with man or woman with woman), beastiality (mankind with animal). Also glutton’s, liars, idolaters, thieves, violent men, murderers, kidnappers, those who pervert children, those who does discord among brethren, and too many sins here to mention, all of which will be condemned and those who practice these things will burn in the lake of fire and brimstone for all eternity! And sin is non existent in modern psychology which is another problem. Psychology is actually talked about by Paul. Remember psychology is science mixed with philosophy. The science does not prove the philosophy nor the philosophy help the science. Let me explain. So Paul says in Colossians “Beware lest anyone cheat you through philosophy and empty deceit, according to the tradition of men, according to the basic principles of the world, and not according to Christ.” And Paul tells Timothy to “avoid contradictions of what is falsely called science.” The whole world uses logic sourced from evil spirits which is why reasoning apart from the revealed Scriptures always lead to contradictory opinions. People gather some true and some false scientific facts and add reason to it and anciently this was called philosophy but now today we call it theory. For instance the theory of evolution is meant to explain the origin of the world. Though it is accepted by alot of people, more scientific facts are against the big bang then for it. Neither can adding theory like the big bang, which is not scientificly proveable, to some type of observation, like the amount of carbon in a rock, tell us anything about why we are here or what is morality or even when we existed. The theory does not prove the science of carbon dating, but neither does the carbon dating science prove the big bang theory. This whole idea only contradicts the Bible and is falsely called science. Carbon dating or rock dating is completely determined by guess work with assumptions based on what they want to assume and the evidence directly contradicts the numbers produced by the dating.
Psychology has some scientific facts about our body and emotions. Also psychologist sometimes believe in a free will, while others put mans decisions as merely the outcome of their environment, which means that man is not at fault for his poor decisions. They theorize and break down behavior onto charts and show their pupils the outcome of harmful behaviors and what actions are helpful. Then they emphasize the good actions. They also emphasize knowing yourself and analyzing your emotions. Know thyself as the philosophers say. If you know yourself and know what good helpful behaviors are then you can make the right decision. Easy enough, right? What is anger? Well, I know the signs of anger when my body gets hot and I feel like harming someone. The voice being raised and the clenching of fists is also a sign of anger. Blood pressure and my heart beats speed up is also observable. While some of the basic body changes as I get angry are scientificly observable, the final question is can I actually learn how to control my anger and or at least let it out in a healthy way? What is the goal therefore of Psychology? It is to describe, explain, predict, and then modify. Psychology is not a true science because philosophy is added to it. Why do I get angry? First we already described what bodily changes happen when I get angry. Next, what thing around me or environmental change caused me to get angry? I stubbed my toe. Why did I stub my toe? Because I was not paying attention. So if I modify my actions of paying attention more then I won’t stub my toe and get angry. Problem solved. Well, maybe? Maybe someone puts me down with negative words and makes me angry to the point of hostility? Perhaps I try to overlook the persons words and believe that they really did not mean it and therefore I have modified my action as to not get angry. Psychology can therefore deal with certain actions but it doesn’t explain why the action is morally wrong. Psychology can’t tell you why your born, and it can’t tell you where you go when you die, nor can it tell you your purpose in life.
Psychology cannot free a person from his sinful nature. Remember the God who made us, and then tells us how mans body, soul and spirit works, knows what’s right and best for man. Scriptures are a divine revelation that is not always scientificly observable, Yet what God says concerning man is 100% reliable. In fact any so called contradictions that are against the Scriptures put the opposite party under scrutiny and not the Scriptures. While we could slip up concerning our interpretation of Scripture, so then, we should double check our interpretation when contradicted from Psycology, but careful to hold onto the Scriptures that are clear. Since Psychology is philosophy (Man’s reasonings, logic, and moral beliefs) and scientific facts that are combined together, therefore Psycology is a philosophy and a science, so that the study of Psycology cannot be grouped as a whole under science. To do so is misleading.